Morgan was born on a farm in Tetbury, England, the son of Welshman George Morgan, a strict Baptist minister, and Elizabeth Brittan. He was very sickly as a child, could not attend school, and was hone schooled. When Campbell was 10 years old, D. L. Moody came to England for the first time, combined with the dedication of his parents, made an impression on young Morgan.  The effect was such that at the age of 13 he preached his first sermon. Two years later he preached regularly in country chapels during his Sundays and holidays.

In 1896 D. L. Moody invited him to lecture to the students at the Moody Bible Institute. This was the first of his 54 crossings of the Atlantic to preach and teach. After the death of Moody in 1899 Morgan assumed the position of director of the Northfield Bible Conference.

Reverend Morgan was a British evangelist, preacher and a leading Bible scholar. A contemporary of Rodney "Gipsy" Smith, Morgan was the pastor of Westminster Chapel in London from 1904 to 1919, and from 1933 to 1943.